But Bernoulli wanted to take it further than that. His insight was that there are three components to this question: how big a sample you take, how close to the true answer you need to be, and how confident in your answer you need to be. He realised that you can never be truly certain of the actual ratio. What you can have instead, he said, is

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Well, that's the way that it is scientific. It is scientific only to say what's more likely and less likely, and not to be proving all the time, possible and impossible.