If you ask how was school today, you’ve asked an evaluative question. Children quickly respond with, “It was alright”, “Okay”, or “Fine”. If you ask your child, “What did you do in school today?” you’ve asked a descriptive

The parent-child relationship starts with prenatal care, and often can be found still working positively or negatively in adulthood.

are the first and primary educators.

The developing of positive self-images and discipline in Black children starts with the acceptance that parents

shaping: it is often necessary to examine the desired behavior and separate it into parts. For example, if the desired behavior is stated: “The child will sit in a group of 8 children and attend to a 20-minute lesson,” the child might first be rewarded for sitting with the group for 2 minutes, etc. until he is able to sit for 20 minutes. Then he

raised your hand” as we place tokens on the child’s desk.

how to say it: “Good, you remembered to raise you hand. Here are 2 tokens.” As reinforcement progresses, we omit the second part of the sentence and simply say “Good, you

teacher selectes behavior to be altered, i.e., child will raise his hand to request help rather than calling out. b)child is instructed that when he raises his hand he will receive whatever reinforcer has been chosen. c)child raises hand. d)child receives reinforcement.

our objective is self-discipline and while spanking has “put out the fire,” we still must find out and address the reason why the fire started.