During Broadway’s periods of peak innovation, the network of industry collaborations has been composed of tightly clustered teams with

wide bridges between them.

the social distance they spanned—what I call reach.

For social change to succeed, a revolutionary movement must ferry people across these uncertain waters to a new set of expectations and a new sense of competence.

The key feature of an egalitarian network is that new ideas and opinions can emerge from anywhere in the community and spread to everyone without being blocked by a powerful social star at the center of the network.

I have identified four main sources of resistance that create complexity.

The reason that changing a social norm is difficult is the same reason that learning a new language is difficult: it requires breaking something that works.

clustering preserves diversity. Not demographic diversity. But informational diversity.

that sending repeated messages from a single source did not work. The crucial factor for the spread of these memes was not whether people received the same message multiple times, but whether they received the message from multiple sources.