We are . . . living at an age when life is completely overwhelmed by numbers and calculation, and we are all increasingly controlled by “targets.” . . .The frightening thing is that, just because computers can count and measure nearly everything, then we do. There was a time when we could trust our own judgment, common sense, and intuition to know

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Thus, the McNamara fallacy, as it came to be known, refers to our tendency to focus on the most quantifiable measures, even if doing so leads us from our actual goals. Put simply, we try to measure what we value, but end up valuing what we measure.

And what we measure is rarely what we mean to value. As Skinner showed, the goals of games — points, b

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Pre-gamification, the aims of discourse are complex and many. Some of us want to transmit information or to persuade; some of us want friendship. Some of us want to join together  in the pursuit of truth and understanding. Twitter gamifies discourse and, in so doing, offers  us re-engineered goals for our communicative acts. Twitter invit... See more