A History of Western Philosophy and Theology
Hegel is a monist, and he seeks to understand the world by understanding being in general.
John M. Frame • A History of Western Philosophy and Theology
Philosophers have sought exhaustive knowledge in one of two ways: either by mastering the general nature of the universe (such as Parmenides, Plotinus, Spinoza, Hegel) or by isolating its smallest constituents (Democritus, Epicurus, Leibniz, Wittgenstein [early]). The former group are monists, the latter group pluralists.
John M. Frame • A History of Western Philosophy and Theology
Like Parmenides before him and Heidegger after him, he believes that the nature of being is the fundamental question of philosophy.
John M. Frame • A History of Western Philosophy and Theology
For this process, Hegel uses the German verb aufheben (passive participle aufgehoben), which has three meanings: “preserve,” “cancel,” and “lift up.”412
John M. Frame • A History of Western Philosophy and Theology
the essence of Hegel’s dialectic is a pursuit of truth by way of negation and higher synthesis.
John M. Frame • A History of Western Philosophy and Theology
the objects of thought are themselves thought. Idealism refers generally to the second alternative, views in which all reality is mind.
John M. Frame • A History of Western Philosophy and Theology
Kant, man replaces God: in metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and religion. In this, he anticipates, unfortunately, the main currents of philosophy since his time. This is, finally, the meaning of Kant’s Copernican revolution.
John M. Frame • A History of Western Philosophy and Theology
Kant replaces the grace of God with its virtual opposite, the freedom of autonomous man.
John M. Frame • A History of Western Philosophy and Theology
if we presuppose that there must be something like a real world for Kant, then it is man’s creation.