Sublime

Steering

The second part of Tarbell’s argument—that rebates were somehow “illegal”—is simply false. There was no law against rebates, on either the federal or state level, and they were standard practice among all carriers.* Nor were they especially “secret.” Railroads struggled to prevent disclosure of particular rebates, for obvious reasons, but freely co

The Amalgamated, however, took an enlightened view of technological progress, expressly accepting that tonnage-based pay scales would fall as productivity rose, and that mechanization would gradually eliminate traditional job categories. (British steel executives would have found such flexibility extraordinary.) Carnegie executives, however, detest