Sublime

According to Prof. Garbini, “The Israelite tribes must have spoken a form of Aramaic.” We wonder, then, what is the point of asking what meaning the term [yhwh] could have in “Hebrew” when this language was not even spoken, let alone written?

Did the people of the early Urnfield culture speak a Celtic or nearly Celtic language? Place-name evidence suggests this is unlikely – there are very few Celtic place names in the Carpathian basin.

Official historiography considers the Akkadians the first Semitic people, but within our declared working methodology, we wonder: were the Sumerians also Semites?

Avestan Iranian was the language of the Avesta, the holiest text of Zorastrianism. The oldest parts of the Avesta, the Gathas, probably were composed by Zoroaster (the Greek form of the name) or by Zarathustra (the original Iranian form) himself. Zarathustra was a religious reformer who lived in eastern Iran, judging from the places he named, proba

A real language lies behind reconstructed Proto-Indo-European, just as a real language lies behind any dictionary. And that language is a guide to the thoughts, concerns, and material culture of real people who lived in a definite region between about 4500 and 2500 BCE.

“Interesting. So the Sumerian language died out, but the Sumerian myths were somehow passed on in the new languages.” “Correct. Sumerian was used as the language of religion and scholarship by later civilizations, much as Latin was used in Europe during the Middle Ages. No one spoke it as their native language, but educated people could read it. In