Sublime

Those are all well understood. And they have been mathematized, heavily mathematized. They are about quantities and preferences and prices in balance, and this gives itself to the equating of things—to balance and to equilibrium.

In string theory, this is called ‘the law of exponential sensitivity to initial conditions of chaotic systems,’ and suggests that small shifts in initial starting points can lead to dramatic changes in the end result.

all these are “theoretical entities” that cannot be perceived directly by the senses but are postulated by science to account for the complexity of phenomena in a coherent way.

The economy is not a closed static equilibrium system; it is a system perpetually open to novel behavior, and complexity economics forces us to keep this in mind.

Even in physics, some of the most fundamental explanations, and the predictions that they make, are not reductive.

So there are two competing effects, which pull in opposite directions. To cancel the field disturbance accurately and minimize that energy cost, Nature wants to localize the antiquark on the quark. But to minimize the quantum-mechanical cost of localizing a position, Nature wants to let the antiquark wander a bit.

In recent years we have discovered that all mass is made of tiny particles and that there are several kinds of interactions, such as nuclear forces, etc. None of these nuclear or electrical forces has yet been found to explain gravitation.

Heisenberg showed that the uncertainty in the position of the particle times the uncertainty in its velocity times the mass of the particle can never be smaller than a certain quantity, which is known as Planck’s constant. Moreover, this limit does not depend on the way in which one tries to measure the position or velocity of the particle, or on

And you’ll never catch a quark all by itself; it will always be clutching other quarks nearby. In fact, the force that keeps two (or more) of them together actually grows stronger the more you separate them—as if they were attached by some sort of subnuclear rubber band. Separate the quarks enough, the rubber band snaps and the stored energy