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A second requirement of rationality is an element of internal logic or consistency. The judgement or action is appropriate given the beliefs about the world which give rise to it. This proposition requires care in interpretation. It may be difficult to distinguish errors in reasoning from mistakes in belief.
Mervyn King • Radical Uncertainty
Degrees of guilt can still be judged by reference to the facts of a case: the
Sam Harris • Free Will

One critique of this question in the empiricist tradition is made by David Hume94 when he claims there is no such thing as an essential property, but a collection of what are called accidental properties—those features which change but do so without changing the nature of the thing or entity.
Joshua Smith • Robot Theology
phronesis
Gary Gutting • What Philosophy Can Do
Principle of Relevant Evidence.
Gary Gutting • What Philosophy Can Do
Convinced that reality has no inherent nature, which he might hope to identify as the truth about things, he devotes himself to being true to his own nature. It is as though he decides that since it makes no sense to try to be true to the facts, he must therefore try instead to be true to himself.
Harry G. Frankfurt • On Bullshit
The perception of the wax “is not a vision or touch or imagination, but an inspection of the mind.” I do not see the wax, any more than I see men in the street when I see hats and coats. “I understand by the sole power of judgement, which resides in my mind, what I thought I saw with my eyes.” Knowledge by the senses is confused, and shared with an
... See moreBertrand Russell • History of Western Philosophy
The rule of attribution must be then, if the competence observed can be explained without appeal to comprehension, don’t indulge in extravagant anthropomorphism. Attributing comprehension must be supported by demonstrations of much more intelligent behavior. Since stotting is not (apparently) an element in a more elaborate system of interspecies or
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