Sublime

He identifies four broad possible responses to this situation: Growth, Continuity, Descent, and Collapse.

James Lenman, a philosopher and a commentator in this literature, doubts the importance of consequences as a measure of right and wrong. Lenman’s arguments are interesting, but I think that, properly understood, they strengthen the case for rules-based, big-picture thinking about consequences. Let’s first go through Lenman’s arguments, and then we’

Foundation for the Study of Personality in History,

his human flock, and it was thus right and natural for his subjects to obey him

no more need to have them enforce our contracts.

Regardless of how exactly one generates theories of other people's minds, it's clear that these theories profoundly affect moral decisions. Look, for example, at the ultimatum game, a staple of experimental economics. The rules of the game are simple, if a little bit unfair: an experimenter pairs two people together, and hands one of them ten dolla

Both are dynamic systems in which the selfish actions of countless individuals—whether they be cells or investors—lead to unpredictable consequences at the system level. In turn, these collective actions and consequences feed back to influence individual actions in endless cycles of adaptation and evolution.