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as cities grow and their networks evolve, the area or volume of the networks needed to keep them functionally connected tends to become smaller on a per capita basis. For example, in larger cities more people can share the same bus or segment of road or sewer pipe.
Jessica C. Flack • Worlds Hidden in Plain Sight: The Evolving Idea of Complexity at the Santa Fe Institute, 1984–2019 (Compass)
The cases in this book also show that the strategic agency of mod-
ular network structures cannot guarantee that public or hybrid or-
ganizations can successfully chaperone the activities of their policy
subsystems. Such subsystems can exhibit moribund tendencies that un-
dermine the adaptive capacities of innovation milieus. They can calcify
sclerotic
The Laugh of the Medusa on JSTOR
jstor.orgThe Evaporative Cooling Effect in Social Network : Networks Course blog for INFO 2040/CS 2850/Econ 2040/SOC 2090
blogs.cornell.eduAgent_Zero. Geoff’s work is so fantastic in this space. Cities, just like ecosystems, are more diverse as they get bigger. Why is that? Well, if you think about it from a biological perspective, there’s just more diversity carrying capacity, right? Like if I’m interested in European soccer and I live in a town of 500 people, there’s just no one to
... See moreW. Brian Arthur • Complexity Economics: Proceedings of the Santa Fe Institute's 2019 Fall Symposium
A closer look shows that the hierarchies are constructed on a “building block” principle: subsystems at each level of the hierarchy are constructed by combinations of small numbers of subsystems from the next lower level.