Sublime

Complex systems science is different. It seeks order by understanding how simple parts, interacting together and perhaps adapting to one another, create an entirely new whole. The

Once its goal is reached, an alliance may dissolve. The shared goal is the nucleus of the partnership.

Hence, we are more likely to accept a dangerous idea if it aligns with our own experiences and is supported by the people we value.

The scaling hypothesis is the idea that this resource-intensive strategy is all it will take to build a human-level AI system, and possibly systems that surpass human-level intelligence.50

So that’s that: Babbage realized machines could do math. Turing added that they could also run programs. Von Neumann figured out how to build the hardware, and Shannon showed how the software could do things that didn’t at first look like math problems.

Individual behavior leads to aggregate outcomes, and aggregate outcomes—the aggregate patterns in the economy—cause this individual behavior to adapt and change.

Instead of assuming agents were perfectly rational, we allowed there were limits to how smart they were. Instead of assuming the economy displayed diminishing returns (negative feedbacks), we allowed that it might also contain increasing returns (positive feedbacks). Instead of assuming the economy was a mechanistic system operating at equilibrium,