Sublime

We centralized all our machines and tape library and set up a professional and experienced machine-room team to run them. To maximize scarce S/360 time, we ran all debugging runs in batch on whichever system was free and appropriate. We tried for four shots per day (two-and-one-half-hour turnaround) and demanded four-hour turnaround. An auxiliary

For these reasons, makers of mainframe computers, and makers of the 14-inch disk drives sold to them, historically needed gross profit margins of between 50 percent and 60 percent to cover the overhead cost structure inherent to the value network in which they competed.

MIPS (millions of instructions per second—how fast a computer system crunches data) and terabyte storage for structured data are now most cheaply delivered through big data technologies like Hadoop clusters (Hadoop is a unified storage and processing environment for big data across multiple servers; see chapter 5 for a more detailed explanation).