Sublime

Much of late modernity assumes that dependence on God is a mark of human immaturity and an obstacle to human freedom.

The Western Church, like ancient Rome, developed, though more slowly, from a republic into a monarchy. We have seen the stages in the growth of papal power, from Gregory the Great through Nicholas I, Gregory VII, and Innocent III, to the final defeat of the Hohenstaufen in the wars of Guelfs and Ghibellines. At the same time Christian philosophy, w

This council reaffirms that “God, the first principle and last end of all things, can be known with certainty from the created order by the natural light of human reason” (See Rm 1, 20). Further, this teaching is to be held about revelation: “in the present condition of the human race, even those truths about God which are not beyond the reach of h

So through their competence in secular disciplines and their activity, interiorly raised up by the grace of Christ, they are to work effectively so that the goods of creation, in accordance with the plan of the Creator and the light of his word, through human work, technical skill and civilisation, may be developed for the good of everyone without

that it devolves on humanity to establish a political, social and economic order which will growingly serve man and help individuals as well as groups to affirm and develop the dignity proper to them” (GS, 9).

“This law of human solidarity and charity,”228 1939 without excluding the rich variety of persons, cultures, and peoples, assures us that all men are truly brethren.