Sublime

During the reign of the actual Henry II (1154–1189), just about everyone in Western Europe was still keeping their accounts using the monetary system established by Charlemagne some 350 years earlier—that is, using pounds, shillings, and pence—despite the fact that some of these coins had never existed (Charlemagne never actually struck a silver po

Peter Autier was from the small town of Ax-les-Thermes, up-country from Foix. He was born around 1240, and had made a comfortable life for himself as a notary.

Henrique lègue au Portugal la flotte la plus moderne, la meilleure de son époque, les plus habiles nautoniers pour vaincre l’océan.

In this testing environment, Major General Archibald Wavell, the soldier who lost an eye near Ypres and walked through the Jaffa Gate into Jerusalem with Lawrence in 1917, had been reviving Lawrence’s guerrilla tactics, using cunning, deception, mobility and tiny ‘mosquito columns’ against elephantine Italian forces. Wavell had been appointed Briti

But though the story of the Stuarts was a tragedy, I think it was also an epilogue. I make the guess, for it can be no more, that the change really came with the fall of Richard II, following on his failure to use mediaeval despotism in the interests of mediaeval democracy. England, like the other nations of Christendom, had been created not so muc

Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck and the Schutztruppe

primogeniture.

John Middleton, Lancaster’s second in command,

Yet, although the Italian Navy struggled to create new capital ships, it also possessed young officers such as Junio Valerio Borghese, who were less impressed by tonnage and firepower than by the concepts of innovation, small-unit actions, and bravery.