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Naive vector commitment: for a collision-resistant function H, commit to x as H(x). To open this commitment, reveal x.
Hashing is a process that can take any stream of data as an input and transform it into a dataset of fixed size (known as a hash) using a non‐reversible mathematical formula. In other words, it is trivial to use this function to generate a uniform‐sized hash for any piece of data, but it is not possible to determine the original string of data from
... See moreSaifedean Ammous • The Bitcoin Standard: The Decentralized Alternative to Central Banking
For reasons Satoshi Nakamoto never stated, the original version of Bitcoin made commitments to public keys by first hashing the key with SHA256 and then hashing that output with RIPEMD-160; this produced a 20-byte commitment to the public key.
David A. Harding • Mastering Bitcoin
cryptography (via hash codes) is used to secure the authentication of the transaction source and removes the need for a central intermediary.