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I began using the heart rate to evaluate all exercising patients, and by the early 1980s developed a formula that anyone could use with their heart monitor to help build an aerobic base. This “180 Formula” enables athletes to find the ideal maximum aerobic heart rate in which to base all aerobic training.
Philip Maffetone • The Big Book of Endurance Training and Racing
Typically, these adjustments are achieved by increasing and decreasing overall running volume rather than by fiddling with the balance of intensities.
Matt Fitzgerald • 80/20 Running
Over time, I began piecing together a mathematical formula, taking the optimal heart rates in athletes who had previously been assessed as a guide. Instead of 220 minus the chronological age multiplied by some percentage, I used 180 minus a person’s chronological age, which is then adjusted to reflect their physiological age as indicated by fitness
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