Sublime

But in E. coli those genes also need a signal from NarL. It takes time for Fnr to drive the level of NarL high enough to give the two genes both the signals they need. A minor dip in oxygen won’t provide them with enough time to prime the pump.

So, to solve the origin-of-life conundrum, scientists needed somehow to find a molecule that could play both roles—

Why do we care about mTOR? Because this mechanism turns out to be one of the most important mediators of longevity at the cellular level. Not only that, but it is highly “conserved,”2 meaning it is found in virtually all forms of life, ranging from yeast to flies to worms and right on up to us humans. In biology, “conserved” means that something

One of the most damaging aspects of glycation is that it leads to the formation of what are called advanced glycation end-products, or AGEs—a very appropriate acronym. AGEs are known as gerontotoxins, or aging toxins (from the Greek geros, meaning “old age”), and are highly reactive, like biological thugs. They are strongly associated with