Sublime

we must investigate why a culture is the way it is. For this inquiry, it is helpful to use Schein’s model, which divides culture into three layers: artifacts, espoused values, and underlying assumptions (Figure 11-1). Figure 11-1.

Ed Schein, now retired from the MIT School of Management, taught that a group’s culture can be studied in three ways: by looking at its “artifacts,” such as physical space and behaviors; by surveying the beliefs and values espoused by group members; or by digging deeper into the underlying assumptions behind those values.

change. Edgar Schein, former professor at MIT’s Sloan School of Management, said: “Learning only happens when survival anxiety is greater than learning anxiety. Learning anxiety comes from being afraid to try something new for fear that we will look stupid in the attempt. It can threaten our self-esteem and even our identity.”

"Organizational Culture and Leadership" by Ed Schein: “Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of culture as a concept is that it points us to phenomena that are below the surface, that are powerful in their impact but invisible and to a considerable degree unconscious. In that sense, culture is to a group what personality or character is to an

Perhaps one of the most important roles of a leader, according to Edgar Schein, is to create and build the culture of the organization and the groups within that organization—a corporate culture with values and behaviors, with visions and basic assumptions, one that appreciates quality, risk taking, teamwork, ethical behavior, success, and results.