Sublime

Intelligence is not only the ability to reason; it is also the ability to find relevant material in memory and to deploy attention when needed.

intelligence is not one-dimensional,

science of learning suggests that they are not ideal, because they encourage last-minute work rather than regular practice.

the same. To a surprising degree, scoring well on a working-memory test predicts scoring well on a reasoning test, and a poor working-memory score predicts a poor reasoning score. (Working memory is not everything, however – recall that in Chapter 2 I emphasized the importance of background knowledge.)

Factual Knowledge Improves Your Memory When it comes to knowledge, those who have more gain more. Many experiments have confirmed the benefit of background knowledge to memory using the same basic method. The researchers bring into the laboratory some people who have some expertise in a field (for example, football or dance or electronic circuitry)

what matters most is to restore their desire to learn by offering them stimulating problems carefully tailored to their current level.