Sublime

This analysis does not mean that cross-border flows of capital should be severely stifled, much less eliminated entirely. But within the category of foreign capital, some types pose greater risks than others, much as certain kinds of cholesterol are beneficial for the heart while others clog the arteries. In the "good cholesterol" capital

outflows

Fredonian demand for foreign capital will reduce investment and credit-fueled consumption abroad and the higher return on capital will otherwise increase foreign savings.

It is important to note at the outset that external surpluses or deficits need not be a problem and can be desirable to a degree. For instance, it is desirable for young or rapidly growing economies to finance part of their economic development with foreign capital. Conversely, older or less dynamic economies may need to save more and can obtain hi

In a globalized world, in other words, savings and investment rates are not set wholly or in some cases even primarily by domestic cultural preferences or by domestic policies. They are heavily affected by foreign policies through the trade account.

This framework gives important insights in a debt-driven World. First-and-foremost, financial markets increasingly operate as vast debt refinancing mechanisms not new capital-raising vehicles . Second, domestic and international capital flows represent key drivers of the economic system. Increasingly cross-border flows determine trade balances, not