Sublime

how to write algorithms that could change their code and get smarter as they develop. We now call this evolutionary programming.

A duo of amateur players with three normal computers not only destroyed Hydra, the best chess supercomputer, they also crushed teams of grandmasters using computers. Kasparov concluded that the humans on the winning team were the best at “coaching” multiple computers on what to examine, and then synthesizing that information for an overall

Stay flexible.

Unquestionably, Yokoi needed narrow specialists. The first true electrical engineer Nintendo hired was Satoru Okada, who said bluntly, “Electronics was not Yokoi’s strong point.” Okada was Yokoi’s codesigner on the Game & Watch and Game Boy. “I handled more of the internal systems of the machine,” he recalled, “with Yokoi handling more of the

What he did was both obvious and, at the same time, unexpected. He shrunk Apple to a scale and scope suitable to the reality of its being a niche producer in the highly competitive personal computer business. He cut Apple back to a core that could survive.

Alan Schoenfeld, a math professor at Berkeley,

Mark Gainey and Michael Horvath, cofounder of Strava practically wrote the playbook for going after a small niche first with their pre-2000 bubble startup Kana Communications and later with Strava.

Picking the right niche: they had to start with an underserved niche with a high propensity to pay and work their way downwards.

Grass roots recruiting: