Sublime

would also greatly dampen the risks that SRM might do net harm to high-latitude nations. Both of these effects would lower the transaction costs of deploying SRM. Society might then wish to wait until the middle of this century before beginning SRM. The benefit of starting a SRM program in 2055 instead of 2015 is $3.9, $7.1, and $9.5 trillion

spending the equivalent of $2 trillion just on CH4 emission reductions in just the next ten years probably belongs in the realm of fiction,

The counterargument is that protection costs less than degradation.

Three key features shape these chapters and the resulting rankings sufficiently to warrant some general observations for nonspecialist readers. The first is the curse of diminishing returns.

Denmark consumes no more energy today than it did in the late 1960s,28 in part because it is environmentally friendly and in part because of its low population growth. (By contrast, the United States’ energy consumption has roughly doubled over the same period.29)

reality, important economies remain largely beyond the influence of environmental advocacy groups, a fact that is likely to limit the effects of the environmentalists’ demands.