Sublime

red blood cells were getting smaller, too—another mammalian feature, which allows these cells to take up more oxygen,

In the mid-nineteenth century, the then director of the Hallstatt salt mines in Austria developed an interest in archaeology and embarked on the excavation of a huge cemetery near the mine. Between 1846 and 1863, Johann Georg Ramsauer and his team unearthed nearly a thousand graves, containing not only the bones of the individuals who had been buri

“The new genome in a fertilized egg is not the new person nor even an encoded version of the person; it is the archive of information that the developmental clock will use to form a new and genetically unique body from the descendants of one fertilized egg cell.”

Pooja explains that in her part of the project, she’ll be looking at the metagenome. Samples of ancient bone don’t just contain the DNA of the human they once belonged to, but also genetic material from any pathogens that the human might have been carrying around with them. She would be looking for genetic traces of systematic infections, like TB,

unusual set of Tetrahymena genes that existed as minichromosomes, each less than a thousandth the size of the smallest human chromosome. These individual DNA molecules harbored Tetrahymena’s ribosomal RNA genes.

coriaceous

genetics (nature)