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Why a democratic people is less capable of sustained effort than another.
Alexis de Tocqueville • Democracy in America, Volume I and II (Optimized for Kindle)
The partisans of centralization in Europe are wont to maintain that the Government directs the affairs of each locality better than the citizens could do it for themselves; this may be true when the central power is enlightened, and when the local districts are ignorant; when it is as alert as they are slow; when it is accustomed to act, and they
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Now I know of only two methods of establishing equality in the political world; every citizen must be put in possession of his rights, or rights must be granted to no one.
Alexis de Tocqueville • Democracy in America, Volume I and II (Optimized for Kindle)
But to appoint agents in each township would have been to centre in his person the most formidable of powers, that of a judicial administration.
Alexis de Tocqueville • Democracy in America, Volume I and II (Optimized for Kindle)
The second manner of diminishing the influence of authority does not consist in stripping society of any of its rights, nor in paralyzing its efforts, but in distributing the exercise of its privileges in various hands, and in multiplying functionaries, to each of whom the degree of power necessary for him to perform his duty is entrusted.
Alexis de Tocqueville • Democracy in America, Volume I and II (Optimized for Kindle)
The despotism of public opinion, the tyranny of majorities, the absence of intellectual freedom which seemed to him to degrade administration and bring statesmanship, learning, and literature to the level of the lowest, are no longer considered. The violence of party spirit has been mitigated, and the judgment of the wise is not subordinated to the
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Separated from the rest of the world by the ocean, and too weak as yet to aim at the dominion of the seas, they have no enemies, and their interests rarely come into contact with those of any other nation of the globe.
Alexis de Tocqueville • Democracy in America, Volume I and II (Optimized for Kindle)
the elective system were adopted in Europe, the condition of most of the monarchical States would be changed at every new election.
Alexis de Tocqueville • Democracy in America, Volume I and II (Optimized for Kindle)
When a State is threatened by serious dangers, the people frequently succeeds in selecting the citizens who are the most able to save