Sublime

The Bible therefore is one witness to God's empowering presence in human affairs, along with other important testimonies. The other testimonies include sacred documents of the African-American experience—such as the speeches of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr., the writings of Zora Neale Hurston and Toni Morrison, the music of the blues, jazz,

birth and training; but it is an observation not…

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Throughout black history Scripture was used for a definition of God and Jesus that was consistent with the black struggle for liberation.

and the development of communal societies. The mutual-aid movement involved a large proportion of the Black community and continued for centuries. I chronicle the myriad Black mutual-aid societies that sprang up during and after enslavement and examine their accomplishments, effectiveness, and the special role of African American women in founding

founding member of a new organization called 100 Black Men. The

cooperative economic thought was integral to many major African American leaders and thinkers throughout history. These