If Spotify chooses to continue on their current path of exclusive content it will break interoperability with other podcast apps and force listeners of those shows to use the Spotify podcast client. I suspect that many listeners will also transfer their existing subscriptions into Spotify to avoid needing two separate podcast clients.
One direct consequence of this is far fewer things get built or used. Because data is the foundation for so much value over time, and because it's so much more valuable when networked with other data (network effects, big data, etc.), there's far less aggregate value when data is spread across more fragmented databases and applications.
If Twitter had a full-time CEO, he or she would have come to this conclusion in half the time. Twitter doesn’t have the scale to compete on an ad model, and their ad tools are substandard. However, they are unwittingly starching their hat blue and could acquire several of the remaining independent media properties (Lee, McClatchy, Condé Nast, Hears... See more
For all the talk about how crypto is changing the world, the vast majority of token-based projects are short term games that structurally devolve into glorified pyramid schemes. Inflated expectations lead to the classic boom-bust cycle where speculative intent runs ahead of reality, and eventually, it all falls down.
In a world where the amount of things you can speculate on is ever increasing - it’s more efficient to find the next airdrop than contribute meaningfully to a single project.
The result is a depleted treasury and lots of speculators, with no resulting impact on retention/growth.