Michael Estrin

Full Size Adult Heavy Duty Roll away Bed With 5.5 In. Mattress (350 Lbs Weight Capacity)

On his first day as governor in January 2023, Mr. Shapiro signed an executive order eliminating college degree requirements for most state jobs. It was an effort to help lower-income Pennsylvanians — and a corrective, he said, for his party’s elitist tendencies. “For the last more than a decade, the Democratic Party has been saying to people that... See more

The day a boy walks into school, he’s behind half the class. With brains that mature later than girls’, boys almost immediately fall behind girls in school. We should “redshirt” them, just as we hold back college athletes for a year so they can develop further. This proposal comes from Richard Reeves, who wrote last year’s landmark book Of Boys and... See more

, service to the state through military service helps create a national identity where there otherwise is none. It unites these different groups of people under one common flag. In Switzerland, it is becoming irrelevant if a Swiss can trace their ancestry to when their Canton first joined the Confederation or if one was born to migrant parents –... See more

National service has long been termed a “school for the nation” for its ability to transform identities en masse . Its effects are excerpted primarily through two mechanisms: socialization and contact . Socialization involves the transmission of norms and values . In the case of Singapore’s NS, these include loyalty to th e nation and an emphasis... See more

The NS experience is powerful when it is fully immersive. The evidence suggests, in fact, that on average , stay-out unit conscripts do not experience significant changes to their attitudes toward intra- and inter-ethnic interactions. While further research is necessary to determine the precise time frame and conditions necessary for NS to produce... See more

How do we interpret this analysis? First, we have strong evidence that NS has a profound effect on identity. Conscripts from stay-in units are roughly 17% less likely to advocate intra-ethnic cohesion than their colleagues from stay-out units.

Historically, the enabling legislation for national service programs has invoked two major goals: meeting the needs of communities and developing the capacities and character of volunteer members. Young adulthood has been framed in each piece of legislation as a unique phase in life that is formative of later life trajectories. When Franklin D.... See more

During the run-up to the Iraq war, Colin Powell, the secretary of state, played excerpts from recordings of Iraqi military officers talking about a “modified vehicle” and “forbidden ammo.” As presented by Mr. Powell, it sounded like evidence that Iraq was hiding chemical weapons from international inspectors. As we now know, it was a grave... See more