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• Thinking in Systems: A Primer by Donella H. Meadows: This is a classic book on systems theory that provides a great introduction to the concept.


• The Systems View of Life: A Unifying Vision by Fritjof Capra and Pier Luigi Luisi: This book offers a unified view of life, integrating life's biological, cognitive, social, and ecological dimensions.


• The

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An alternative process entails introducing additional rules and limits to reuse while adhering to the general vision of the commons. Such a more robust form of commons-based ordering has often not been considered a form of openness in the past 3 . It involves harnessing non-copyright-based tools, introducing other legal mechanisms, and considering... See more

here are two basic approaches to creating AI datasets. The first one, which is typical of the case we have been studying, a pool of open works is purposefully chosen to ensure license compliance. The second approach creates the dataset by scraping the “raw internet” and relying on copyright exceptions. LAION , a dataset of 400 million image-text... See more

the way in which TikTok enables creativity and community building by supporting the reuse of soundtracks, stitching, and dueting, leading to cultural phenomena founded on collaboration

The second is the idea of “gray swan” events, which are both predictable and unprecedented. Together, these two ideas explain how we will face a rush of extremes, all scientifically imaginable but utterly new to human experience.

openness is about more than access to and use of assets. It is about how we build and maintain our communities. The second challenge, then, and one that is just as important, is to re-examine how we create a community in the digital world .

earch engines have already disintermediated Wikipedia: Google uses Wikipedia content in the information boxes it displays, and as a result, many people need help to click through to Wikipedia itself.

What is at stake is the design of a new content production and distribution ecosystem that will shape the entire digital environment and our societies. As has been the case in the past, a strong actor committed to the values of openness and free knowledge has a chance to tip the balance away from closed ecosystems controlled by commercial... See more