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Early in the twenty-first century, the attempt to enact exclusivity-based laws for controlling access to digital resources in the US gave rise to the open movement. The movement quickly gained momentum. The champions of openness hoped that universal access to knowledge and culture, made possible thanks to the power of the Internet, would contribute... See more

Welcoming language, customized wayfinding, instructional onboarding, familiar contribution and consumption interfaces, suggested actions, and explicit gratitude and feedback are all areas where small changes could make significant improvements in the Wikimedia experience—and potentially improve the quality of new editor contributions and overall re... See more

openness is about more than access to and use of assets. It is about how we build and maintain our communities. The second challenge, then, and one that is just as important, is to re-examine how we create a community in the digital world .

Why do we care about openness? The reasons I hear given for being open can be grouped into three categories:

• openness and transparency support accountability – it enables us to delve inside the workings of an organisation or a piece of code to understand it better, detect where things are going wrong, and do something about it;


• openness removes frict

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