Kalyani Tupkary

To underscore their modernity, filing cabinets were called ‘equipment,’ ‘appliances,’ and ‘machines’ — not furniture.

Singer, an Australian philosopher, popularized the concept of “speciesism,” which he compared to racism and sexism. “All animals are equal,” he asserted, adding, “The basic principle of equality does not require equal or identical  treatment;  it requires equal consideration.” Singer did not actually advocate for legal rights but for expanded

In the 20th-century office, female file clerks were expected to handle papers — but not to understand their contents.