These snippets will be remixed into reordered books and virtual bookshelves. Just as the music audience now juggles and reorders songs into new albums or playlists, the universal networked library will encourage the creation of virtual “bookshelves”—a collection of texts, some as short as a paragraph, others as long as entire books—that form a libr

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They were attached to a string, along which a marker could be slid up and down to mark a precise level on the page. Attached to the marker was a rotating disk that could indicate the column (usually numbered one to four, indicating the two columns on the left-hand page, and the two columns on the right-hand page).

in 1994 our excavations at Flag Fen revealed one-third of a Bronze Age three-part wooden wheel, dating to about 1300 BC.7 Technically speaking, such wheels are known as slab wheels because they are made from three shaped wooden planks, or slabs, which are held together by braces slotted into dovetail housing joints and by pegs or dowels, fitted int

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Wagons with four solid wheels were heavy and slow and, lacking steering, could only make gentle turns, which limited their usefulness. Two-wheeled vehicles, or carts, which had emerged by 3000 B.C.E., were more maneuverable and could make much tighter turns, particularly if the wheels could turn independently, rather than being fixed at the ends of

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The earliest-known wheeled object is a clay model of a bull, mounted on four wheels, found in the Carpathian Mountains of western Ukraine and carbon-dated to 3950–3650 B.C.E., hundreds of years before any sign of wheeled vehicles in Mesopotamia. A representation of a four-wheeled vehicle, scratched onto a pot found in Bronocice in southern Poland,

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