The answer is to be found in first recognizing its positive claim. The assertion is that since Abraham, the Prophets, and even Jesus actually were Muslims who all confessed “there is no god worthy of worship but Allah,” then it follows that we are all talking about the same God (the God of Noah, Abraham, David, and Jesus). However, this must be

One great irony regarding tawhid is that the word itself, in that form, does not appear in the Qur’an. The root, wahad, appears numerous times, but the very form that has become enshrined in Islamic theology is not in the Arabic text. This is relevant only in light of the frequent apologetic assertion that since Trinity does not appear in the

The Qur’an is just over half the length of the New Testament[25] and about one-fifth as long as the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament).[26] It contains 114 surat,[27] roughly equivalent to the concept of a chapter, divided into ayat[28] of varying lengths, roughly equivalent to verses. Normally, the surat are named according to something mentioned

The story of Muhammad is immensely bound up with the Islamic focus on Mecca, which today no non-Muslim can enter. Located in the Hijaz, about forty miles inland from Jeddah (the region’s largest city), Mecca—according to Islamic orthodoxy—was an important center of religious worship all the way back to the days of Abraham. There, it is maintained,

Without question, the harshest denunciations of Muhammad have been based upon his marriage to the young Aisha, who was betrothed at age six. Islamic sources are almost unanimous in saying the marriage was consummated at age nine (one major source saying ten). The idea of a fifty-three- or fifty-four-year-old man together with a child of nine is the

Anyone who dismisses ancient records because their writers were not secular humanists without professed bias (a glaring example of self-deception in itself) and without a modern (though rarely observed) code of journalistic neutrality, will find they have no sources left from which to draw knowledge.

Islamic doctrine denies many of the central truths that followers of the Messiah hold dear, and because many today use the Qur’an as a pretext for the persecution of Christians,[2] many Christians are willing in essence to let slide the standard and accept unfair, biased, and distorted counterarguments.

Putting together Muhammad’s story is a challenge, as the sources from which the orthodox Islamic account are drawn come from at least a century after the events of his life.

The most authoritative collection of hadith (which we will reference throughout), known as Sahih Al-Bukhari, narrates[13] that when Muhammad prostrated while reciting Surah An-Najm—Surah 53, the same one in which the alleged Satan-inspired verses were first inserted—“with him prostrated the Muslims, the pagans, the jinns, and all human beings.” Why