Yesterday’s ideas—that the earth is round, or even that people might like to share photos in social networks—are today’s facts.

As of 2015, white households held on average roughly ten times as much money and property as black and Hispanic households.

Vatterott College,

The result is that we criminalize poverty, believing all the while that our tools are not only scientific but fair.

Ill-conceived mathematical models now micromanage the economy, from advertising to prisons.

in Florida, adults with clean driving records and poor credit scores paid an average of $1,552 more than the same drivers with excellent credit and a drunk driving conviction.

I keep in my head, my informal internal model, into a formal external one. In creating my model, I’d be extending my power and influence in the world. I’d be building an automated me that others can implement, even when I’m not around.

In other words, Facebook’s algorithms can affect how millions of people feel, and those people won’t know that it’s happening.

Shifting defenses is only one piece of a much larger question: