Images depicting a person with a high face-ism ratio—the face takes up most of the image—focus attention on the person’s intellectual and personality attributes. Images depicting a person in a low face-ism ratio—the body takes up most of the image—focus attention on the physical and sensual attributes of the person.

In decision-making situations, if the decision is to be made immediately after the presentation of the last item, increase the probability of an item being selected by presenting it at the end of the list; otherwise, present it at the beginning of the list.

Hawthorne Effect—Employees are more productive based on their belief that changes made to the environment will increase productivity. Pygmalion Effect—Students perform better or worse based on the expectations of their teacher. Placebo Effect—Patients experience treatment effects based on their belief that a treatment will work. Rosenthal

A tendency to perceive women wearing red as more attractive and men wearing red as more dominant.

When the affordance of an object or environment corresponds with its intended function, the design will perform more efficiently and will be easier to use.

The strongest effect is achieved when exposures are so brief or subtle that they are subliminal (not consciously processed), or when they are separated by a delay.3

For example, asking people what they think about a set of new product features is a highly invasive measure that can yield inaccurate results. By

Two-dimensional layering is useful for presentation and navigation.

The rule of thirds is a technique derived from the use of early grid systems in composition. It is applied by dividing a medium into thirds both vertically and horizontally, creating an invisible grid of nine rectangles and four intersections. The primary element within a design is then positioned on an intersection of the grid. The asymmetry of