But this system only works when we feel safe to explore. When learning feels threatening – i.e. when we’re worried about failing or being judged – our brains shift into survival mode.

The prefrontal cortex, responsible for complex thinking, becomes less effective under stress. That math problem stops being a puzzle to solve and becomes something to... See more

knowledge creation is actually the object of learning and thinking supported by three systems: the Self-System . the Metacognitive System , and the Cognitive System .