Too Much Efficiency Makes Everything Worse: Overfitting and the Strong Version of Goodhart's Law

Any observed statistical regularity will tend to collapse on

Goodhart's law, coined by the British economist Charles Goodhart: when a measure becomes a target it ceases to be a good measure.

Goodhart's law is an adage often stated as, "When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure".[1] It is named after British economist Charles Goodhart, who is credited with expressing the core idea of the adage in a 1975 article on monetary policy in the United Kingdom:[2] Any observed statistical regularity will tend to collapse on