Basing your identity on these kinds of principles enables you to remain open-minded about the best ways to advance them.

“We are living in space-age times, yet there are still so many of us thinking with stone-age minds,” he reflects.

“The absence of conflict is not harmony, it’s apathy.”

As Dunning quips, “The first rule of the Dunning-Kruger club is you don’t know you’re a member of the Dunning-Kruger club.”[*]

We learn more from people who challenge our thought process than those who affirm our conclusions.

Rethinking is more likely to happen in a learning culture, where growth is the core value and rethinking cycles are routine.

New research suggests that when journalists acknowledge the uncertainties around facts on complex issues like climate change and immigration, it doesn’t undermine their readers’ trust. And multiple experiments have shown that when experts express doubt, they become more persuasive.

How do you know? It’s a question we need to ask more often, both of ourselves and of others. The power lies in its frankness. It’s nonjudgmental—a straightforward expression of doubt and curiosity that doesn’t put people on the defensive. Ellen Ochoa wasn’t afraid to ask that question, but she was an astronaut with a doctorate in engineering,

A major problem with task conflict is that it often spills over into relationship conflict.