Fairmindedness is being conscious of the need to treat all viewpoints alike, without reference to one’s own feelings or vested interests, or the feelings or vested interests of one’s friends, company, community or nation.

Intellectual integrity consists in holding yourself to the same intellectual standards you expect others to honor (no double standards).

model or framework for thinking, an architecture whose purpose aids the analysis and evaluation of thought, through which we might improve our thought.

Intellectual humility is knowledge of ignorance, sensitivity to what you know and what you do not know.

Intellectual courage is the disposition to question beliefs about which you feel strongly.

Engineers concerned with good thinking routinely apply intellectual standards to the elements of thought as they seek to develop the traits of a mature engineering mind.

Intellectual Curiosity entails inquisitiveness as well as a strong desire to deeply understand, to figure things out, to propose and assess useful and plausible hypotheses and explanations; it implies a strong propensity to learn and to search out solutions; it propels the thinker toward further and deeper learning.

Subsequently, the eight elements of thought are introduced. These are tools for the analysis of thinking in ones’ own and others’ thought.

Intellectual autonomy is thinking for oneself while adhering to standards of rationality.