These are Adler’s four levels of reading, from simplest to most complex: elementary inspectional analytical syntopical

Dr. Carol Dweck of Stanford University has studied attitudes toward learning for decades, as covered in her book Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. Dweck determined that most people adhere to one of two mindsets: fixed or growth.

It limits or even destroys creativity. In school, you do as you’re told. You don’t have any leeway.

The first and probably more famous of Franklin’s forms is his “13 virtues” checklist, which he used to chart his efforts in bettering himself as a human being. Although he used the 13 virtues for self-improvement—or, as Franklin put it, “attaining moral perfection”—they serve as a strong example of how to mindfully track progress and keep records o

Specific: clear and definitive Measurable: easy for you to track progress Achievable: within your reach but not too simple Relevant: personally significant to you and your life Time-based: organized to some kind of schedule

Confirmation bias is not objective, so it has no place in actual research. To combat it, give the voice of the opposition clear and full attention.

Questions are the tools that you’ll use to decipher and analyze all this information. But not all questions are created equal. You need questions to develop open avenues of perception and full comprehension of your subject—not just the surface details or dry facts. The questions you’ll ask will penetrate far beyond simple common knowledge and will

Reciting.

Analytical reading can be described as taking the book out of the author’s hands and making it your own. You don’t just read the text; you highlight or underline key points and you make commentary or ask questions. In a way, you can use the marginalia to simulate an ongoing conversation with the writer.