It has created a societal dependency on economic growth, when society, humanity and the environment need a reduced dependency on it.

fewer jobs are like the full-time workplace-based industrial jobs around which social insurance systems were constructed. So it would be arbitrary to link social security to contributions from labour. This points to the need for a basic income system,

anxiety, alienation, anomie and anger.

money wages that have been falling in real terms and are increasingly volatile and unpredictable.

The precariat is global. Many millions of people are living through unstable, insecure labour (paid) and work (unpaid), lacking occupational identity, losing rights of citizenship, and relying on low and fluctuating money wages.

called the ‘concierge economy’ has grown dramatically,

many of the jobs that are disappearing are those that require secondary or first-degree qualifications.

Rentier capitalism, the term appropriate for describing the current phase of global capitalism, turns the precariat into debtors generating rental income, through rents and interest on student debt, credit card and store card debt, and short-term loans.

a rise in ‘stand-by’ employment, such as on-call or zero-hours contracts, eating up the time and hopes of those left waiting around. 2