First, a spruce usually grows an absolutely straight trunk.

Healthy spruce defend themselves with terpenes and phenols, which can kill the beetles. If that doesn’t work, they dribble out sticky resin to trap them.

was the fact that the mimosas could remember and apply their lesson weeks later, even without any further tests.

Spruce store essential oils in their needles and bark, which act like antifreeze.

pioneer species hate shade.

For on large continents (and the Eurasian continent is the largest one of all) species have to come to grips with new arrivals all the time. Migrating birds bring small animals, fungal spores, or the seeds of new species of trees tucked in their feathers, or these organisms are blown in by turbulent storms.

Large plants do not have brains, they move very slowly, their interests are completely different from ours, and they live their daily lives at an incredibly slow pace.

in addition to chemical messages, you need electrical impulses. And these are precisely what we can measure in the tree, and we’ve been able to do so since as far back as the nineteenth century. For some years now, a heated controversy has flared up among scientists. Can plants think? Are they intelligent?

Research revealed the spruce to be an absolutely unbelievable 9,550 years old.