Use a dash to set off an abrupt break or interruption and to announce a long appositive or summary.

A colon tells the reader that what follows is closely related to the preceding clause. The colon has more effect than the comma, less power to separate than the semicolon, and more formality than the dash.

writer make all sentences short or avoid all detail and treat subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.

1. Form the possessive singular of nouns by adding 's.

When the main clause of a sentence is preceded by a phrase or a subordinate clause, use a comma to set off these elements.

In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last.

The colon also has certain functions of form: to follow the salutation of a formal letter, to separate hour from minute in a notation of time, and to separate the title of a work from its subtitle or a Bible chapter from a verse.

When the subject is the same for both clauses and is expressed only once, a comma is useful if the connective is but. When the connective is and, the comma should be omitted if the relation between the two statements is close or immediate.

Do not break sentences in two.