So what is intrinsic to A.I. as a technology? I’ve been following a debate between two different visions of how these next years will unfold. In their paper “A.I. as Normal Technology,” Arvind Narayanan and Sayash Kapoor, both computer scientists at Princeton, argue that the external world is going to act as “a speed limit” on what A.I. can do.

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LeCun points to four essential characteristics of human intelligence that current AI systems, including LLMs, can’t replicate: reasoning, planning, persistent memory, and understanding the physical world. He stresses that LLMs’ reliance on textual data severely limits their understanding of reality: “We’re easily fooled into thinking they are... See more