Delving into mysteries is the most expensive activity along the knowledge funnel,

Wicked problems, first identified by mathematician and planner Horst Rittel in the 1960s, are messy, aggressive, and confounding. Rittel's notion of wicked problems was detailed by C. West Churchman in a 1968 issue of Management Science. Churchman described wicked problems as "a class of social system problems which are ill-formulated, where t

The next stage of the funnel is a heuristic, a rule of thumb that helps narrow the field of inquiry and work the mystery down to a manageable size.

Industrial Average was fixed at thirty companies for the first time. Of those original thirty companies, only three remain in the composite. Of the original Fortune 100 companies, published in 1955, only eleven are still on the list. In fact, on both original lists, most of the companies either no longer exist or have become part of

We believed that design thinking for business broke down into three essential components: (1) deep and holistic user understanding; (2) visualization of new possibilities, prototyping, and refining; and (3) the creation of a new activity system to bring the nascent idea to

innovation. At the heart of this school is intuitive thinking-the art of knowing without reasoning. This is the world of

the design thinker needs to do to be more effective with colleagues at the extremes of the reliability and validity spectrum: (1) reframe extreme views as a creative challenge; (2) empathize with your colleagues on the extremes; (3) learn to speak the languages of both reliability and validity; (4) put unfamiliar concepts in

significant parts of the organization should be structured as projects-that is, with teams and processes designed to move knowledge forward a stage-with a definite end point.

thought is analytical thinking, which harnesses two familiar