None of it matters if it doesn’t translate into action. The gap between your intentions and your actions is a decent forward-looking indicator of your future success,

Nurture your skill at communication. Across every career path, the ability to communicate is always a positive, and often essential. Read novels or watch movies you enjoy, learn how to display information visually, listen to how great presenters captivate their audience.

With fewer and fewer exceptions, a skill that’s an accelerant in any career is the ability to communicate your ideas.

Historian Yuval Noah Harari, the author of Sapiens, wrote, “One of history’s few iron laws is that luxuries tend to become necessities and to spawn new obligations.”

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Something called the Hawthorne effect kicks in—being observed changes our behavior. If someone is watching me, I strive to impress them.

you don’t need to maximize upside.

Digital media was supposed to democratize this, but it’s only reinforced a winner-take-most economy. The top 3% of YouTube channels receive 85% of all views on the platform, and even if a creator reaches that threshold (about a million views per month), their passion generates just $15,000 in annual revenue.

All funds charge fees, and often these fees are multilayered and difficult to parse. Mutual fund fee structures can be more complex than ETF fees, another point in favor of ETFs. The primary number you care about is the expense ratio. This should be low, well under 1%, and the lower the better. Mutual funds sometimes charge for buying and selling o