“Landscape” and the field of landscape architecture is founded as a somewhat recent, distinctly European, and highly visual practice — entirely rooted in visual aesthetics. But in the climate crisis, aesthetics must come second, to a new kind of ethic.

Good landscape design (as works of art) must be interpreted at the very least as cinema — a single

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We are at a critical and complex moment. For the last two or three centuries, landscape was primarily about aesthetics: classical beauty, picturesque beauty, even the strange beauty of wastelands—the aesthetics of ugliness, if you like. But if we take the ecological crisis seriously, then our way of interpreting the world was a luxury. We stared at

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