But man finds a substitute for this action in speech through which help the affect can well-nigh be ab-reacted

but by the psychic states with which the corresponding experiences in the patient have united.

On the contrary, these experiences, are either completely lacking from the memory of the patients in their usual psychic state, or at most exist in greatly abridged form. Only after the patients are questioned in the hypnotic state do these memories appear with the undiminished vividness of fresh occurrences.

because the nature of the trauma precluded a reaction, or because social relations made the reaction impossible, or because it concerned things which the patient wished to forget and which he, therefore, intentionally inhibited and repressed from his conscious memory.

The active etiological factor in traumatic neurosis is really not the insignificant bodily injury, but the affect of the fright; that is, the psychic trauma.

If the reaction is suppressed, the affect remains united with the memory.

In ordinary hysterias we frequently find, instead of one large trauma, many partial traumas, grouped causes which can be of traumatic significance only when summarized, and which belong together insofar as they form small fragments of the sorrowful tale.

A normal person is in this way capable of dissipating the accompanying affect by means of association.

The psychic process, which originally elapsed, must be reproduced as vividly as possible so as to bring it back into the statum nascendi, and then thoroughly "talked out."