Smart Solutions to Climate Change: Comparing Costs and Benefits

typically omit costs of saltwater intrusion in groundwater

willingness-to-pay (WTP) for improved environmental services may be substantially lower than the willingness to accept compensation (WTAC) for diminished environmental services

SRM is worth more under a temperature constraint because it lessens the need to perform costly abatement in the near term.

In addition, resources are scarce. If some resources are used for mitigation (adaptation), fewer are available for adaptation (mitigation).

The interannual variability seems to be dominated by wetland CH4 emissions.

GHG emissions may actually cause three quite distinct kinds of problems.

argue that emission reduction is feasible and as cheap as policy is clever. Putting the two halves of the literature review together, one may wonder what all the fuss is about. Such speculation would be beyond this chapter.

Second, under a social optimum perspective

climate change would slow the annual growth rate of poor countries by 0.6 to 2.9 percentage points.