Rethinking Search: Making Domain Experts out of Dilettantes

Building such domain experts would likely require developing an artificial general intelligence, which is beyond the scope of this paper. Instead, by “domain expert” we specifically mean that the system is capable of producing results (with or without actual “understanding”) that are of the same quality as a human expert in the given domain.

[Curator's note: there are numerous other technical challenges  addressed with alternative prescriptions throughout the paper. These highlights are narrative-centric, and I invite you to review the paper if you are a keen technologist looking for answers to the following:- Zero- and Few-Shot Learning - Response Generation- Arith... See more

- Leveraging Document and Corpus Structure-  Scaling to Multiple Languages]

This represents a fundamentally different way of thinking about IR systems. Within the index-retrieve-then-rank paradigm, modeling work (e.g., query understanding, document understanding, retrieval, ranking, etc.) is done on top of the index itself. This results in modern IR systems being comprised of a disparate mix of heterogeneous models (e.g., ... See more

The very fact that ranking is a critical component of this paradigm is a symptom of the retrieval system providing users a selection of potential answers, which induces a rather significant cognitive burden on the user. The desire to return answers instead of ranked lists of results was one of the motivating factors for developing question answerin... See more

We envision using the same corpus model as a multi-task learner for multiple IR tasks. To this end, once a corpus model has been trained, it can of course be used for the most classical of all IR tasks – document retrieval. However, by leveraging recent advances in multi-task learning, such a model can very likely be applied to a diverse range of t... See more

When experiencing an information need, users want to engage with a domain expert, but often turn to an information retrieval (IR) system, such as a search engine, instead. Classical information retrieval systems do not answer information needs directly, but instead provide references to (hopefully authoritative) answers.

Pre-trained language models (LM), by contrast, are capable of directly generating prose that may be responsive to an information need, but at present they are *dilettantes* rather than domain experts – they do not have a true understanding of the world, they are prone to hallucinating, and crucially they are incapable of justifying their utterances... See more

If all of these research ambitions were to come to fruition, the resulting system would be a very early version of the system that we envisioned in the introduction. That is, the resulting system would be able to provide domain expert answers to a wide range of information needs in a way that neither modern IR systems, question answering systems, o... See more