Retained Primitive Reflexes

The brain stem (sometimes called the reptilian brain, although brain stem is more correct): includes the cerebellum (the structure at the bottom of the brain that plays an active role in motor control and sensorimotor processes); controls instinctual survival behaviors, muscle control, balance, breathing, and heartbeat. Very reactive to direct stim

With these three circuits in mind—converging patterns going up the cortical hierarchy, diverging patterns going down the cortical hierarchy, and a delayed feedback through the thalamus

outer and higher cortex—we could call this “vertical integration.” The brain is also divided into two halves, left and right, so neural integration must also involve linking the functions of the two sides of the brain. This could be called “horizontal” or “bilateral integration.”